Does Mumps cause male infertility?

Struggling to conceive can be an emotional journey for many couples. While it's often thought that infertility is primarily a female issue, male infertility plays a role in nearly half of all infertility cases.

One potential cause is mumps orchitis, an inflammation of the testicles due to a mumps infection.

This article explores the relationship between mumps and male infertility, providing detailed, actionable information for couples and individuals affected by mumps orchitis.

What is Mumps?

Mumps is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus, a member of the paramyxovirus family. It spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking, and by sharing utensils or touching contaminated surfaces.

The hallmark symptom of mumps is swollen, painful salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands located near the ears. Other symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and loss of appetite.

How Common is Mumps in Males Across the World?

Thanks to widespread vaccination programs, the incidence of mumps has significantly decreased globally. However, outbreaks still occur, particularly in areas with lower vaccination rates.

Males and females are equally susceptible to the virus, but post-pubertal males are more likely to experience complications such as orchitis.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mumps remains a concern in regions where the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine coverage is suboptimal.

How mumps causes “Mumps Orchitis”?

Orchitis is inflammation of one or both testicles, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. Mumps orchitis occurs when the mumps virus spreads from the salivary glands to the testicles.

This typically happens about 4-8 days after the onset of mumps symptoms, but it can occur up to six weeks later. Symptoms of mumps orchitis include sudden testicular pain, swelling, tenderness, fever, and nausea.

How Mumps Orchitis Can Potentially Cause Male Infertility?

Mumps orchitis can lead to male infertility through several mechanisms:

• Inflammation and Swelling: The inflammation can damage the testicular tissue, impairing sperm production.
• Testicular Atrophy: Severe inflammation can lead to the shrinking of the affected testicle(s), reducing their functionality.
• Hormonal Disruption: Damage to the testicles can disrupt the production of testosterone, a hormone critical for sperm production and overall male fertility.
• Obstruction: Swelling and scarring can obstruct the ducts that transport sperm, reducing sperm count.

Potential Male Infertility Conditions Caused by Orchitis

Mumps orchitis can lead to several specific conditions affecting male fertility:

• Azoospermia: Complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate, often due to severe testicular damage.
• Oligospermia: Low sperm count, which can reduce the likelihood of fertilizing an egg.
• Teratospermia: A high percentage of abnormally shaped sperm, which can affect the ability of sperm to fertilize an egg.
• Asthenozoospermia: Reduced sperm motility, hindering the sperm’s ability to reach and fertilize an egg.

It's important to discuss fertility issues with a specialist for proper care. Contact Dr. Ashish Kale at Ashakiran Hospital in Baner and Pune for the compassionate and private care you deserve.

How to Treat Mumps Orchitis?

Treatment for mumps orchitis focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications:

• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage pain and reduce fever.
• Rest and Support: Bed rest and scrotal support (using an athletic supporter) can alleviate discomfort.
• Cold Compresses: Applying ice packs to the affected area can reduce swelling and pain.
• Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is crucial during recovery.
• Medical Follow-Up: Regular follow-up with a fertility specialist to monitor recovery and manage any complications.

Can Mumps Cause Low Testosterone?

Yes, mumps orchitis can lead to low testosterone levels. The inflammation and damage to the testicular tissue can impair the testicles' ability to produce testosterone, leading to hypogonadism. Low testosterone can affect many aspects of health, including sexual function, energy levels, muscle mass, and mood.

Can You Successfully Treat Mumps Orchitis?

While there is no specific antiviral treatment for mumps orchitis, most cases resolve with supportive care. The key is early detection and management to minimize damage to the testicles. Long-term complications are less common but can occur, underscoring the importance of medical supervision.

Can Mumps Orchitis Cause Sterility?

Sterility, or complete inability to conceive, is a potential but rare outcome of mumps orchitis. Studies suggest that while mumps orchitis can reduce sperm count and quality, it does not usually lead to total sterility.

The risk of infertility is higher if both testicles are affected or if the condition is severe and untreated. It’s crucial for affected individuals to undergo fertility evaluations if they experience difficulty conceiving.

Steps to Take if You Are Suffering from Mumps Orchitis

If you suspect you have mumps orchitis, take the following steps:

• Seek Medical Attention: Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to managing symptoms and preventing complications.
• Follow Treatment Plans: Adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen, including pain management and rest.
• Monitor Symptoms: Keep track of your symptoms and report any changes or worsening to your fertility expert.
• Consider Fertility Evaluation: If you experience persistent issues with fertility, consult a fertility specialist for evaluation and potential treatment options.

Conclusion

Mumps, while less common today due to vaccination, still pose a risk for serious complications like mumps orchitis in males. Understanding the symptoms, treatment options, and potential impact on fertility can help affected individuals and couples navigate this challenging condition. Prompt medical attention and proper care are crucial in managing mumps orchitis and mitigating its effects on fertility.

Consult Us

If you or your partner are experiencing symptoms of mumps orchitis or have concerns about fertility, it’s essential to consult a fertility specialist Dr Ashish Kale. Early intervention can make a significant difference in outcomes. Reach out to our team of experts for personalized advice and treatment options tailored to your needs.